Votar en Suiza

Como muchas cosas en la vida, el pasaporte colorado no viene gratuitamente. Una de esas cosas que hacen a la vida suiza es la obligación de hacer la colimba (o de pagar el impuesto militar si no sos apto para el servicio). La otra es la capacidad de votar. De la colimba, ya escribiré otra vez, pero esta vez hablaremos del voto.

En resumidas cuentas, el voto en suiza tiene las características siguientes:

  • El voto no es obligatorio. La tasa de participación oscila entre el 30%, un promedio bastante común, y el 60%, en el caso de las votaciones con mayor interés. Generalmente son los temas de impuestos y del sistema jubilatorio los que generan mayor participación.
  • El voto femenino se instauró a nivel federal recién en 1971; algunos cantones permitieron el voto a las mujeres desde los años 50, pero algún que otro cantón lo siguió prohibiendo hasta los ’90. Obviamente, como en Suiza se vota todo, también se votó para este tema, y el electorado masculino votó en contra del tema varias veces.
  • Se vota cuatro veces por año, casi siempre más o menos en las mismas fechas. En cada fecha se mezclan temas federales, cantonales y comunales, que muchas veces no tienen nada que ver entre si. No es obligatorio votar en todos los temas que se proponen; se puede cortar boleta y solo opinar sobre un tema de los propuestos.
  • La mayoría de las votaciones son referéndums, donde se vota por un si o por un no. En las boletas se escribe a mano la respuesta (“Oui” o “Non”, “Ja” o “Nein”) y listo. Generalmente, cada tema de referéndum viene con su contraproposición, elaborada por los partidos opositores al tema del que se vota, y al votar se puede elegir el tema, la contraproposición, y de emitir una opinión en caso de empate (lo cual ha sucedido).
  • Se puede votar por correo. Unas 3 o 4 semanas antes de la fecha del voto, te llega un sobre con las boletas de voto y las instrucciones de como llenar los formularios, y, aún mas importante, toda la documentación que explica lo que se vota. El voto por correo es digno de otro post!
  • Generalmente las votaciones implican una modificación de algún artículo de la constitución. En este sentido, la constitución suiza es mucho mas dinámica que la argentina, y el procedimiento para modificar artículos es mucho mas simple y directo. En realidad, la constitución suiza se parece más a una extensión del código civil, con un valor judicial extendido y un nivel de detalle bastante espeluznante.
  • El resultado de las votaciones tiene generalmente valor de promulgación; una ley que recibe un voto afirmativo entra en vigor casi inmediatamente.

Es una lástima que me olvidé de sacarle fotos a las boletas que me llegaron para las próximas votaciones, las del 4 de setiembre próximo. Será para otro post!

Pais Central

Hace mucho tiempo, Luisa, una amiga de toda la vida, me hizo una de esas preguntas que te dejan en offside y quedan picando durante largo rato: “que se siente vivir en un país central?”

Para que sepan, Luisa es socióloga, de las del alma. Quedan pocas como ella; son una especie rara que no se si esta en riesgo de extinción, pero algo es seguro; ninguna pregunta de ella es anodina.

Recuerdo aun que me agarró totalmente desprevenido. Nunca pensé en Suiza como un país central; es mas, para ser sincero, siempre me pareció que estaba bastante alejado del centro (cual sea el mismo). Particularmente en mi industria, la informática, siempre me pareció que el centro era en realidad Silicon Valley, y por extensión los Estados Unidos. El adjetivo mas común que empleo al hablar de Suiza suele ser “Tupperware”. Pero un “país central”? No.

Y sin embargo, pensandolo bien, ahora creo que quizás este Tupperware este en el centro del centro, que sea el núcleo mismo. El vivir en Argentina durante unos años me permitió ver eso de lejos; efectivamente Suiza es un país central. Y flor de país central.

Pero, que significa eso? Continue reading

20 years ago.

Exactly 20 years ago, on Wednesday February 20th, 1991, my mother and I arrived to Geneva, Switzerland, from Buenos Aires, Argentina.

It was a rainy, gloomy day, just like today. Our KLM flight from Amsterdam landed in Geneva airport at around 5pm. We left our bags in the lockers at the airport’s train station, and then took the first train to Geneva. I knew, from reading tourist guides, that there was a tourist office in Geneva’s main train station, so we decided to go there first, get a hotel, and then bring the bags later from the Airport. Continue reading

Swissair

When I was a student in university, I used to work in Geneva Airport, aka GVA, as a part-time luggage handling employee, an “auxiliaire” as we were called, in a now extinct company once called Swissair.

The job consisted mostly of waiting for the airplanes to park near the gate, open the cargo bays, offload whatever there was inside them, and reload them with more luggage, cargo boxes and mail bags. After that, we would close the cargo bays and stay clear of the engine ranges until the plane left the gate. Rinse and repeat. That was my routine, 4 hours a day, 3 to 5 days a week, from August 1995 until December 1997. Continue reading

Welcome to the company!

Many people have asked me why, when I was an employee, I used to change jobs so often. The answer stands in between my own curiosity to take on new challenges, and the various assholes I had to deal with through the ages. Just as an example of this last case, here goes a true story, one that stands between being a candidate story for The Daily WTF, or as sample material for The No Asshole Rule book by Bob Sutton. You decide.

Prologue

A couple of years ago I found a job as a PHP + JavaScript developer in a small company in Geneva, Switzerland. I remember going to their offices two or three times, and having several interviews with various people there; one of them was the lead PHP developer of the company, the other being the CEO, a relatively well-known person in the tech area in Geneva; both shall remain nameless. The last interview I had was with the CTO, who would be my direct boss, as I was told.

They finally chose me, and very happily I signed the contract. I handed my resignation for my current job at the time, but had a couple of months of work to do before leaving (this is usual practice in Switzerland, one that I despise deeply, but that you are legally forced to follow). All in all, three months passed between me signing the contract and the first day of my new job.

The First Day

So one day, I headed to Geneva to start my new job. I arrive at around 9am to the address where the interviews had taken place, and, oh surprise… there was nothing. Stay with me: there was nothing. Not a sign in the wall indicating that the company used to be there, not a single desk, not a phone plugged on the wall. Nothing. Continue reading

Reflexions on the Software Business

There are basically two things you can do to earn a living when you write code:

  1. Consulting
  2. Products

When doing consulting, you write code, and somebody else owns it; you are blamed for its bugs, rarely praised for its benefits, and usually you only sell one copy of your work. When working on products, you write code, and you actually own it; you can brag about it on your blog without pissing anyone, and if you are lucky you sell as many copies of it as you want, all for basically the same production cost.

Now, here’s an insider tip: if your objective is living a nightmare, tearing yourself apart and swear never touching a keyboard again, choose option 1. If your objective is enjoying a healthy life, making money and living long and prosper, choose option 2.

This fact is explained by economists as a “diseconomy of scale”: this means that fixed costs are very low relative to variable costs, which means that the cost of creating a new copy of your finished product is virtually zero. You only have to invest in the building, not on the replication. Actually this is not 100% true, because you should spend on marketing anyway, and you might as well add new features on the way, but the truth is that well-run software companies make more money than drug dealers, and guess what: software is an activity usually considered legal.

However, there is a tacit consensus in Switzerland, apparently, by which there can’t be successful companies doing software in this side of the world. And most companies choose option 1 above. Which has interesting side effects. Continue reading

akosma software has a new website

This is something I should have done much earlier, but hey, better late than never: akosma software has a new website and I’m happy to invite you to take a look at it.

Open Kosmaczewski will slowly become a more personal platform, as most of my future iPhone-related material will appear in the new akosma blog. After 5 years of operation, good old Open Kosmaczewski is by no means shutting down; but a new, exciting chapter starts here, definitely.

Thanks again to all of you for your amazing support, your comments and ideas. I look forward to continue serving you through my company, akosma software.

Roundup of Swiss Companies Writing Mac Apps

A lot has been said and done about the iPhone, but there’s much more to Cocoa and Objective-C than our beloved pocket device.

During a chat session with Stefan Fürst from Media Atelier we put together a quick list of significant Mac applications created in Switzerland (and southern Germany), and indeed the list (in no particular order) is nothing short of impressive; check it out:

It really looks like the Swiss enjoy writing Mac apps (I certainly do and will publish mine soon!). Have I forgotten anyone? Please don’t be upset, and feel free to leave your links in the comments below. I’d love to know who else is creating killer apps for the Mac in a radius of 300 km around Zürich!

Disclaimer: I’m not affiliated with any of these companies (I’m just a friend of Stefan). And if you’re more into “enterprisey” stuff, here’s the “Swiss-Made Software” label site that you migth find more interesting ;)

Update, 2009-10-23: Some more applications added after the publication of this post:

  • Luscious SMS, the SMS client for the Mac;
  • Special mention for Cyberduck, an open source FTP, SFTP, WebDAV, Cloud Files & Amazon S3 Browser for Mac OS X, or “the poor man’s version of Transmit” :)

Update, 2009-10-24: Sophie Teuschler tells me not to forget the multiple Apple Design Award winners SubEthaEdit and BoinxTV by The Coding Monkeys, not far from Switzerland, in Bavaria…!

Update, 2009-10-25: I’ve just received an e-mail from Cyril Pavillard about his company Mnemis and their product Uniboard which looks absolutely awesome by any standards. Be sure to check out this cool Swiss project!

Update, 2009-11-12: Just found out about noidentity and their MoneyBook iPhone application. It seems that this application is just a copy from another one called “pennies”. Shame on you noidentity.

JAOO iPhone Dev Days 2009 Zürich

Last week’s JAOO iPhone Dev Day was a big success. Featuring Raven Zachary, Alex Cone, Jonas Schnelli, Patrick Bönzli and Patrick Linskey and yours truly, the event gathered many attendees interested in the capabilities of the iPhone for their businesses.

This is a small review of the event, organized by the incredible teams of Trifork and Keynode with links to the material I’ve provided in my own presentations.

Reception booth for the iPhone Dev Day

Continue reading

Slides, slides, slides

I’ve been doing presentations for a while now, so I decided to open a SlideShare account to publish all the slides I’ve created over the past 5 years. SlideShare has a great Flash-based viewer that you can embed in web pages, so I’ll be using it a lot now. Check out my presentations, feel free to download them and also to use them if you find the contents useful for you (they are distributed with Creative Commons licenses).

Having said that, I’m also announcing that the slides (and sample application) of yesterday’s JAOO geek night presentation in Zürich are also available in the Projects section of this blog, and here goes the SlideShare player with those slides: